A creditor has made me bankrupt

If you are bankrupt because of a court order (sequestration order), you must lodge a Statement of Affairs form with the Official Receiver and your trustee. It is important that you understand the consequences of bankruptcy and your obligations.

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Important steps to take when a creditor makes you bankrupt

If a court issues a 'sequestration order' against you, this means you are ‘bankrupt’. A trustee will also have been appointed to manage your bankruptcy. Once this happens, it is important that you understand your obligations and the consequences of bankruptcy.

Important information: End of bankruptcy

Automatic discharge will generally* happen 3 years and 1 day from when you file your accepted Statement of Affairs. The sooner you file the form, and it is accepted, the sooner you are likely to be released from bankruptcy. If you don't submit a Statement of Affairs, you will remain bankrupt indefinitely and could face penalties.

*Note: In some cases, your trustee can extend your bankruptcy by lodging a notice of objection to discharge with the Official Receiver. An objection will extend the period of bankruptcy so automatic discharge will not occur after the usual 3 years and 1 day.

Can my trustee extend my bankruptcy?

Read below for your important next steps.

Step 1: Submit a Statement of Affairs form

After being made bankrupt by the court, you must complete and submit a Statement of Affairs form with the Official Receiver (AFSA) and with your trustee. This must be done within 14 days of the date you were advised of your bankruptcy.

You can submit this online by creating an Online Services account using Digital ID or by creating an AFSA account. It may take you about 30 to 60 mins to create your account and complete your Statement of Affairs form online.

Once you have logged in, you will be taken to your dashboard. From here:

  • Select 'Start bankruptcy forms'
  • At the question 'Has someone made you bankrupt through a court order', select 'Yes'. Your response to this question will determine which forms you need to complete.

Do NOT submit a Debtor's Petition form. The debtor's petition is only for applicants voluntarily applying for bankruptcy.

For help setting up an account, see Get help with creating an Online Services account

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If you are unable to complete the online proof of identity check, or unable to complete the application online, you can download and submit your Statement of Affairs to AFSA via email or post. To download the form, see Bankruptcy by sequestration order forms.

You can also request a copy of the form from your trustee.

For more information on completing your form offline, see Submitting a bankruptcy application offline.

Getting help to complete your Statement of Affairs form

If you need help with completing your Statement of Affairs form, you can talk to a free financial counsellor, registered trustee or other service provider. Financial counsellors are available nationwide and provide an independent, free, and confidential service.

For more information on financial counsellors and other support services, see Where to find help.

Step 2: Contact your trustee

When you become bankrupt, a trustee is appointed to manage your bankruptcy.

It's important to contact your trustee as early as possible. They will help you understand how bankruptcy affects you, and your obligations and responsibilities during bankruptcy. They will work with you, and your creditors, to achieve a fair and reasonable outcome for all.

During bankruptcy you have an obligation to provide your Statement of Affairs and information to your trustee, and tell your trustee when your circumstances change. This may involve supplying books, bank statements and other documents the trustee asks you to provide.

The creditor who made you bankrupt may nominate a registered trustee to manage your bankruptcy. If they don't, the Official Trustee (AFSA) will become your trustee by default. In some cases, the Official Trustee may transfer the administration of your estate to a registered trustee.

If you're not sure who your trustee is, contact us for assistance.

If you have concerns about an action taken by your trustee, you can make a complaint or provide feedback to AFSA.

What happens next?

Once you've submitted your Statement of Affairs form, we will respond to you within 14 days.

Note: You must also provide a copy of your completed Statement of Affairs to your bankruptcy trustee.

Important: Failing to file a Statement of Affairs is an offence under the Bankruptcy Act 1966 and may be referred to the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions for prosecution.

Understand the consequences of bankruptcy and your obligations

It's important that you understand the consequences of bankruptcy and your obligations. Failure to comply with your responsibilities may result in penalties for non-compliance.

Consequences of bankruptcy

There are serious consequences to bankruptcy, such as:

When you become bankrupt, your name and other details will appear on the NPII. If publishing certain information would/is likely to put your safety at risk, you can apply to have certain information removed from the NPII. Your name and date of birth cannot be removed. Your request must be submitted at the same time as your Statement of Affairs form.

For information on how to make this request, see Can I withhold my details that appear on the National Personal Insolvency Index?

Learn more about the consequences of bankruptcy and how you may be affected.

Your obligations and restrictions during bankruptcy

During bankruptcy you have certain obligations and may face some restrictions. It is your responsibility to provide information and tell your trustee when your circumstances change.

Learn more about your responsibilities during bankruptcy at What are my obligations?

Penalties may apply for non-compliance

There may be penalties if you don't comply with your obligations and restrictions. In some cases, your trustee may extend your bankruptcy.

Can my trustee extend my bankruptcy?

How did I become bankrupt?

People can choose to apply for voluntary bankruptcy, but you can also be made involuntarily bankrupt if someone you owe money to (a creditor) applies to the court by presenting a creditor's petition.

To make you bankrupt, the creditor needs to prove you have committed an 'act of bankruptcy' within the 6 months prior to their application. Most often, this is done through serving you with a bankruptcy notice for the amount you owe.

If you don't pay the money owed or reach an agreement within the time given in the notice, you are committing an act of bankruptcy. The creditor can then ask the court to make you bankrupt.

The court will hear the creditor's petition proceeding and decide if you should be made bankrupt. If you are made bankrupt, the court issues a sequestration order and a trustee is appointed to manage your bankruptcy.

The Federal Court of Australia – Bankruptcy Guide provides more information about the court process.

How do I challenge the sequestration order made against me?

You can apply for a review of the sequestration order made by the court. You must make an application to the court within 21 days of the order. In some cases, the court can extend this time period.

Reasons for a review may include if you believe:

  • you don't owe the money claimed by the creditor
  • you didn't commit an act of bankruptcy (for example, you weren't served with a bankruptcy notice).

If your review is successful, the court will set aside the sequestration order and your assets will be returned to you.

To apply for a review of the sequestration order made by the court, use the forms on the Federal Circuit Court of Australia website.

For help with reviewing a sequestration order, you should seek legal advice.

If you apply for a review of the order, you must still lodge your Statement of Affairs and comply with your obligations as a bankrupt, until the court makes a final decision.

Case study: Sequestration order obligations

Maria used to own a restaurant in Townsville, Queensland. The restaurant failed and Maria owed debts to several suppliers. She owed $25,000 to District Food Supplies, who took Maria to court. The Federal Circuit Court made a sequestration order against Maria which meant she became bankrupt.

The Official Trustee (whose functions are carried out by AFSA) was appointed as the trustee of the bankruptcy. District Food Supplies gave Maria's contact details (including her address and mobile number) to AFSA.

AFSA sent Maria the following documents by registered post:

  • a letter telling her she had been made bankrupt by the court
  • information about the sequestration order process
  • a statement of affairs for her to complete
  • instructions for completing the statement of affairs.

The letter told Maria she must complete a statement of affairs and lodge it with the Official Receiver (AFSA) within 14 days. It also said the three-year bankruptcy period would not start until AFSA had accepted her statement of affairs. If Maria never submitted a Statement of Affairs she would be bankrupt forever.

AFSA called Maria to discuss her bankruptcy. Maria was angry about being made bankrupt and argued that she should not have to complete the statement of affairs as she did not agree with the court decision. The case officer reminded her that she was required by law to lodge her statement of affairs within 14 days and there were penalties for not doing so.

Maria failed to lodge her Statement of Affairs so AFSA issued her with a formal notice, instructing her to file her Statement of Affairs with AFSA within 14 days. Failing to comply with this notice is an offence and a person can be prosecuted.

Maria failed to comply with the notice and AFSA's Enforcement team investigated the matter. The matter was prosecuted by the Office of the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (CDPP).

At court, Maria pleaded guilty. She was convicted, received a fine and was ordered to pay costs. Maria filed her Statement of Affairs later that week.

Failure to submit a Statement of Affairs is a serious offence. AFSA, in partnership with the CDPP, is committed to investigating and prosecuting those who deliberately avoid their obligations.

Note: These case studies do not constitute legal or financial advice. You should consider whether the options referred to in the case studies are appropriate for you, and seek advice if necessary, before taking any action.